Multi Tubular Fixed Bed Reactor
Description
Technical Parameters
The multi tubular fixed bed reactor, also known as the multi-tube packed bed reactor, refers to the reactor filled with a number of tubes containing granular solid catalysts or solid reactants to form a number of fixed beds. A gas or liquid material flows through a stationary fixed bed through the particle gap in these tubes to achieve a heterogeneous reaction process. This type of reactor is characterized by the fixed solid particles filled in the equipment, in contrast to fluidized and moving beds.
In a multi tubular fixed bed reactor, the reaction material enters the reactor through a tube and flows through a tube containing the catalyst or reactant. Under the action of the catalyst, the reaction material undergoes a chemical reaction and is converted into the desired product. At the same time, the heat generated during the reaction can be controlled by the cooling system to maintain the stable operation of the reactor.
Multi-tube fixed bed reactor has been widely used in chemical industry, medicine, environmental protection and other fields. In the chemical industry, it can be used to produce various chemicals; In the field of medicine, it can be used to synthesize drug intermediates, prepare drug raw materials, etc. In the field of environmental protection, it can be used to treat industrial wastewater, domestic sewage, etc., and remove pollutants in wastewater through the action of microorganisms.
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Method of accomplishing gas adsorption
Reactor structure and filling
Multi-tube design:
A multi tubular fixed bed reactor consists of a number of parallel tubes, each of which is filled with an adsorbent.
This design increases the contact area between the adsorbent and the gas, and improves the adsorption efficiency.
Adsorbent filling:
The adsorbent is usually evenly filled inside each tube to form a fixed bed.
The choice of adsorbent depends on the type of gas to be adsorbed and the adsorption conditions.
Gas adsorption process
Gas flow
The gas to be adsorbed enters through one end of the reactor and then flows through tubes filled with adsorbent.
The gas is in full contact with the adsorbent particles during the flow process, and the adsorption occurs.
Adsorption
The surface of adsorbent particles has a large number of micropores and active sites, which can trap and fix gas molecules.
With the flow of gas, more and more gas molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent to form an adsorption layer.
Adsorption saturation
When the active site on the adsorbent surface is completely occupied, the adsorption process reaches a saturated state.
At this time, the gas concentration at the outlet of the reactor will gradually increase, indicating that the adsorbent has lost the ability to continue adsorption.
Adsorbent regeneration and switching
Adsorbent regeneration
In order to recover the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent, it is necessary to carry out regeneration treatment.
Common regeneration methods include heating desorption and decompression desorption.
In heated desorption, the gas molecules adsorbed on the adsorbent surface are desorbed and discharged from the reactor by heating the adsorbent bed.
Switching operation:
Multi-tube fixed bed reactors are usually designed with multiple adsorption bed layers to facilitate switching operations.
When one adsorption bed reaches saturation, it can be switched to another unsaturated adsorption bed for adsorption.
At the same time, the saturated adsorption bed was regenerated for subsequent reuse.
Operating conditions and optimization
Temperature control
The adsorption process usually needs to be carried out within a certain temperature range.
Too high or too low temperature may affect the adsorption capacity and selectivity of the adsorbent.
Therefore, the temperature of the reactor needs to be controlled by heating or cooling systems.
Pressure regulation
The adsorption process is also affected by pressure.
Appropriate pressure can improve the adsorption efficiency, but too high pressure may also lead to the compaction of adsorbent particles and an increase in bed resistance.
Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the pressure of the reactor according to the actual situation.
Gas flow rate
The adsorption rate and efficiency are directly affected by the gas flow rate.
Too large flow rate may lead to incomplete adsorption, while too small flow rate may prolong the adsorption time.
Therefore, it is necessary to select the appropriate gas flow rate to ensure the best adsorption effect.
In summary, the multi-tube fixed bed reactor can efficiently adsorb gas through specific structure and operation process. In practical applications, it is necessary to optimize and adjust according to specific adsorption requirements and operating conditions to ensure the best performance and stability of the reactor.
Method of accomplishing desorption of gas
Desorption principle
Desorption is the reverse process of adsorption, that is, the gas molecules adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent are released under certain conditions (such as changes in temperature and pressure). In a multi tubular fixed bed reactor, desorption is usually achieved by changing the operating conditions of the reactor.
Desorption steps
When one or more adsorption beds reach saturation state, it is necessary to switch to other unsaturated adsorption beds for adsorption operations.
At the same time, desorption treatment was carried out on the saturated adsorption bed.
Heating is a commonly used desorption method in multi-tube fixed bed reactors.
By heating the adsorbent bed and increasing the temperature of the adsorbent surface, the gas molecules adsorbed on the surface can obtain enough energy to overcome the adsorption force and desorbed from the adsorbent surface.
The temperature of thermal desorption usually needs to be determined according to the nature of the adsorbent and the type of gas adsorbed.
In some cases, desorption can also be achieved by reducing the pressure of the reactor.
Reducing the pressure can reduce the adsorption force of gas molecules on the adsorbent surface, making it easier to desorption from the adsorbent surface.
However, it should be noted that decompression desorption may not be as effective as heating desorption, and in some cases may result in changes in the physical properties of the adsorbent.
During desorption, an inert gas such as nitrogen can also be used to purge the adsorbent bed.
The purge gas can carry away the gas molecules that are desorbed from the adsorbent surface, speeding up the desorption process.
At the same time, the purging gas can also prevent the adsorbent from being oxidized or other adverse chemical reactions during desorption.
After the desorption is completed, the adsorbent bed needs to be cooled.
Cooling reduces the temperature of the adsorbent so that it returns to a state suitable for repeated adsorption operations.
In some cases, the adsorbent also needs to be regenerated to restore its adsorption capacity.
Precautions
Desorption temperature
When heating desorption, it is necessary to control the heating speed and desorption temperature to avoid damage to the adsorbent due to overheating.
Desorption time
Desorption time needs to be determined according to the type of adsorbent, the type of adsorbed gas and desorption conditions. Too short a desorption time may result in incomplete desorption, while too long a desorption time may waste energy and time.
Gas treatment
Gases desorbed from the surface of the adsorbent may require further treatment to remove harmful substances or recover valuable components.
In summary, the multi-tube fixed bed reactor completes the process of gas desorption by switching operation, heating desorption, decompression desorption, gas purging, cooling and regeneration. In practical applications, it is necessary to select the appropriate desorption methods and parameters according to the specific sorbent and gas types and operating conditions.
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A method to complete the separation of gases
Principle
The adsorbents in the multi tubular fixed bed reactor have different adsorption capacities for different gas molecules. When a mixture of gases passes through a bed containing an adsorbent, some gas molecules are captured by the adsorbent and fixed to the surface, while others are not or are only weakly adsorbed. By controlling the adsorption conditions (such as temperature, pressure, flow, etc.), the target gas can be selectively adsorbed to achieve gas separation.
Steps
Pretreatment
Prior to gas separation, it is usually necessary to pretreat the mixed gas to remove impurities and substances such as water that are not conducive to adsorption.
Pretreatment can be done by filters, dryers and other equipment.
01
Adsorption
The pretreated gas mixture was introduced into the adsorption bed of the multi-tube fixed bed reactor.
The adsorbent with selective adsorption capacity is installed in the adsorption bed.
In the adsorption process, the target gas molecules are captured by the adsorbent and fixed to the surface, while the unadsorbed gas flows out through the bed layer.
02
Desorption and regeneration
When the adsorption bed reaches saturation, desorption operations are needed to restore the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent.
Desorption can be achieved by heating, reducing pressure, or inert gas purging.
During desorption, the adsorbed gas molecules are released from the surface of the adsorbent to form an air stream rich in the target gas.
The adsorbent can be cooled and regenerated to recover its adsorption capacity and prepare for the next adsorption operation.
03
Gas collection and treatment
The unadsorbed gas flowing from the adsorbed layer and the gas stream rich in the target gas released during desorption need to be collected and treated.
This can be done through condensation, compression, purification and other steps to get a pure target gas product.
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Precautions
Adsorbent selection
The choice of adsorbent is very important for the effect of gas separation.
The appropriate adsorbent needs to be selected based on the properties of the target gas, the composition of the gas mixture, and the separation requirements.
Control of operating conditions
The temperature, pressure, flow rate and other conditions in the adsorption process have significant influence on the separation effect.
Precise control and adjustment is required to ensure the best separation results.
Equipment maintenance and maintenance
Multi-tube fixed bed reactors and their associated equipment require regular maintenance and maintenance.
This includes cleaning the adsorption bed, replacing the adsorbent, and checking the tightness of the equipment.
Safety precautions
Safety procedures must be strictly followed when performing gas separation operations.
Ensure that the equipment is well sealed to prevent gas leakage, environmental pollution or personal injury.
In summary, the multi-tube fixed bed reactor can efficiently separate the gas through the selective adsorption characteristics of the adsorbent and the precise control of operating conditions. In practical applications, the appropriate equipment and parameters need to be selected according to the specific separation requirements and operating conditions.
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