High Pressure Lab Reactor

Products Introduction

Products Parameter

Product Features

Knowledge

The emergency discharge system plays an important role in the high pressure lab reactor.When the reaction is abnormal,such as the temperature and pressure are out of the safe range,or there is an uncontrollable reaction,the emergency discharge system can quickly discharge the reactants to a safe place to avoid the dangers of high pressure,high temperature and material leakage caused by uncontrolled reaction.

The design of emergency discharge system usually includes the following parts:

◆ Discharge pipe: Emergency discharge system is usually equipped with an independent discharge pipe,which can be connected to the bottom or side of the reaction kettle to ensure that the reactants can be discharged quickly.

◆ Discharge port: The discharge port is a key part of the emergency discharge system,which can be quickly opened and closed for discharge when necessary.

◆ Discharge valve: The discharge valve is a device for controlling the opening and closing of the discharge port,which can be automatically or manually opened when necessary to discharge the reactants.

◆ Discharge container: Emergency discharge system is usually equipped with a discharge container,which can contain the discharged reactants to avoid environmental pollution caused by the reactants.

◆ Discharge filter: In order to avoid environmental pollution caused by discharged reactants,a discharge filter is usually installed on the discharge pipeline to filter out impurities and harmful substances in the reactants.

Laboratory safety is the first prerequisite for conducting experimental work,the following are some of the details that need attention in laboratory safety:

Personal Protection

 Wear regulations:
 When entering the laboratory,you must wear the necessary work clothes according to regulations.
 For operations involving hazardous substances,volatile organic solvents,specific chemicals,etc.,need to wear protective gear,including protective masks,protective gloves,protective glasses,etc..
 Contact lenses are strictly prohibited in the laboratory to prevent corrosion caused by chemical spills into the glasses.
 Long hair and loose clothing should be properly fixed,and shoes should be worn when handling drugs.

Laboratory Operation

 Pharmaceuticals are to be received and stored:
 When handling hazardous chemicals,you should follow the code of practice or the instructor's instructions,and should not change the experimental procedure by yourself.
 When receiving medicines,you need to confirm the Chinese name labeled on the container and check the hazard labels and drawings of the medicines.
 Volatile organic solvents,strong acids and alkalis,highly corrosive and toxic drugs should be operated under special fume extraction cabinets or smoking pipes.
 Chemicals of different natures(e.g.organic solvents,solid chemicals,acid and alkali compounds)need to be stored separately.
 Precautions for experimental operation:
 It is forbidden to touch the drugs directly with hands,avoid bringing the nostrils to the mouth of the container to smell the odor of the drugs,and it is strictly forbidden to taste the drugs.
 During the heating operation,do not come close to the heated instrument for observation,and do not face the mouth of the test tube towards others or yourself.
 Remaining medicines shall not be put back into the original bottle,nor shall they be thrown away or taken out of the laboratory,but shall be put into the designated containers.

Laboratory Environment and Safety Facilities

 Laboratory Ventilation:
 Ensure that the laboratory ventilation system is functioning properly and that the ventilation equipment switch is in the correct position.
 Ensure that the ventilation system is turned on and generates sufficient airflow before conducting experiments with hazardous gases.
 Safety Facilities:
 Familiarize yourself with escape routes and emergency response in case of an emergency,and be aware of the location of first aid kits,fire extinguishing equipment,emergency eyewash units,and showerheads.
 Safety cabinets are used for storing and handling hazardous materials,ensure that their doors and seals are not damaged,and maintain a negative pressure environment inside the cabinets.

Behavior

 Eating and Storage:
 Eating,drinking,storing food,beverages,and other personal household items in the laboratory is prohibited.
 Food storage is prohibited in refrigerators or storage cabinets where chemicals are stored.
 Post-experiment handling:
 After the experiment,wash the utensils used in a timely manner;instruments and medicines are categorized and organized and placed in the designated location.
 Wash your hands before leaving the lab,and do not wear lab coats and gloves into non-laboratory areas.

Emergency treatment

Familiarize yourself with the emergency treatment of laboratory safety accidents,such as fire,electric shock,chemical burns and other emergency measures.
In case of emergency,follow the principle of "people-oriented,safety first",prioritize people to avoid danger and rescue.
Following the above laboratory safety details can effectively reduce the probability of laboratory safety accidents and ensure the personal safety of laboratory personnel and the stability of the laboratory environment.

► Measurement principle

Nuclear power measurements are usually based on measurements of neutron flux density.Taking the 235U reactor as an example,the reactor power P can be expressed as:P=φ∑VE,where φ is the neutron flux density, ∑ is the macroscopic fission cross section of thermal neutron,V is the volume occupied by 235U,and E is the energy of each fission discharge.Therefore,the reactor power can be calculated by measuring the neutron flux density φ.

► Measurement technology

The nuclear power measurement technology of high pressure laboratory reactors is mainly based on the detection of neutrons or gamma rays. Because the neutrons and gamma rays associated with fission reactions can still be detected after penetrating several distances,these radiation can be used to make measurements.

1) Neutron detector

Neutron detector is the main means of nuclear power measurement.To reduce the effect of the gamma background,neutron detectors are often used to measure reactor power.

The readings of neutron detectors need to be calibrated to thermal power,that is,thermal power scale.

2) Gamma Ray detector

Although γ-ray detectors have fewer direct applications in nuclear power measurement,they can indirectly reflect reactor power by measuring the concentration of certain radioactive isotopes in the reactor coolant loop.

For example,the concentration of N-series isotopes produced by neutron activation of the oxygen contained in the coolant is measured,and its concentration is proportional to the fission rate in the core,that is,to the nuclear power.

► Measurement system and application

The nuclear power measurement system of high voltage laboratory reactor usually includes detector,signal processing circuit,data acquisition and display system.These systems can measure and display the nuclear power level of the reactor in real time and accurately,and provide an important basis for the control and protection of the reactor.

For example,in the AP1000 nuclear power plant,the nuclear power measurement system calculates the reactor nuclear power by measuring the neutron flux density of the reactor leakage.The system includes source range neutron detector,intermediate range neutron detector and power range neutron detector,which can cover the entire reactor power range.At the same time,the system is also connected with the reactor protection system and the power plant control system to realize the safety control and operation monitoring of the reactor.