Batch Centrifugal Machine
Description
Technical Parameters
Batch centrifugal machine refers to a type of centrifuge that performs intermittent feeding and discharging, namely scraper and manual unloading centrifge. The operation is to first fill the drum with materials and drive it to full speed, and then complete all the procedures one by one until unloading. Compared with continuous centrifges, the cow production capacity is very low (only 1/3-1/5) due to the superposition of program time. But it has the advantages of simple structure, low investment, light body, easy operation, multi-purpose, suitable for small-scale production, etc. Common types include three legged centrifges, suspended centrifges, and auxiliary knife discharge centrifges. Its working characteristics are that various processes such as material feeding, separation, washing, dehydration, unloading, and screen washing are carried out periodically in the drum at different times. Compared with continuous centrifges, it has lower production capacity and requires more operation and maintenance, but it has strong adaptability to materials.
Tripod centrifuge
The three legged centrifuge is the earliest centrifugal machine in the world, and it is still the most widely used and manufactured vertical centrifge with intermittent operation and manual unloading both domestically and internationally. It has the characteristics of simple structure, strong adaptability, easy operation, easy manufacturing, stable operation, and less damage to the filter residue particles. The three legged centrifge has two types: filtering and settling, and its unloading methods are divided into upper unloading and lower unloading.
Structural diagram
The structure of a three legged centrifuge is shown in the figure "Three legged Centrifuge",
The batch centrifugal machine components such as the drum body, main shaft, bearing seat, outer shell, motor, and angle pulley are almost all installed on the chassis, and then suspended on two or three pillars through three swing rods, hence the name tripod.
During operation, the liquid material is fed from the top of the machine and evenly distributed in the drum through the fabric feeder. The filtrate passes through the filter medium under centrifugal force and is collected from outside the drum wall. And solid particles accumulate on the filter cloth, gradually forming a certain thickness of filter cake layer. When unloading, the machine needs to be stopped, and manual removal of filter cake and replacement of filter cloth are required. The operation and separation process of the machine are intermittent.
Operation cycle
A typical operating cycle can include the following stages:
① Start acceleration to feed speed;
② When the feeding speed is dry;
⑤ Brake to low speed;
⑥ Use a scraper mechanism to remove the filter cake at low speed.
Comply with laboratory safety procedures
advantages and disadvantages
Its main advantages are:
① strong adaptability to materials; ② The structure of manual unloading is simple, easy to manufacture, install, and maintain, with low cost and easy operation. When the machine is stopped or unloaded at low speed, it is easy to maintain the grain shape of the product ③Elastic suspension support structure can reduce vibration and ensure smooth machine operation; ④ The entire high-speed rotating mechanism is concentrated in a sealed celestial body, making it easy to achieve sealing and explosion prevention.
Its disadvantages include:
Intermittent separation, cyclic operation, the need to start the feeding stage, and the need to slow down or stop the speed increase and discharge; Low production capacity and high labor intensity of manual upper unloading machines; Due to poor operating conditions, it is only suitable for small-scale production.
Hanging centrifuge
The batch centrifugal machine is a type of intermittent centrifge that emerged after the three legged centrifge. There are two types: filtering and settling, with filtering being more widely used. The structural diagram of the hanging centrifge is shown in the picture.
Working characteristics
The structural feature of a suspended centrifge is that its drum is fixed at the lower end of a longer flexible shaft, while the upper end of the shaft is suspended in a hinged support through bearings. The articulated support is equipped with a buffer ring made of elastic material, which is used to limit the radial displacement of the main shaft and reduce the dynamic load borne by the bearing when the rotor is unbalanced.
This support method ensures that the support point is much higher than the center of mass of the rotor, thereby guaranteeing stability during operation and enabling automatic centering of the rotor. This type of support and transmission device will not be contaminated by filtrate or filter residue.
Duty cycle
Each working cycle of the suspended centrifge includes processes such as feeding, separation, washing, re separation, unloading, and filter regeneration. According to its structural characteristics, both feeding and unloading are carried out at low rotational speeds. Therefore, during the operation of the centrifge, the rotational speed of the drum continuously changes periodically, that is, after low-speed feeding, it accelerates to full speed for separation; After the separation is completed, electric regenerative braking and mechanical braking are used to unload at low speeds, and this cycle of work is repeated periodically. The upper suspension centrifge adopts lower unloading, and there are two unloading methods: gravity unloading and mechanical unloading. Currently, mechanical scraper unloading is mostly used. In order to reduce labor intensity, improve production capacity, and improve production site hygiene conditions, in recent years, fully automatic or semi-automatic upper suspension centrifges driven by multi speed motors or DC motors and time automatic control have been adopted.
Secondary knife unloading centrifuge
The secondary blade discharge centrifuge, also known as the scraper discharge centrifuge, is an efficient solid-liquid separation equipment widely used in the industrial field. Its unique unloading method and efficient processing capability make it play an important role in multiple industries such as chemical, food, and pharmaceutical. The following is a detailed introduction to the secondary knife unloading centrifuge.
Job characteristics
Efficient continuous operation
The auxiliary knife unloading centrifuge adopts a high-speed continuous operation mode, which can automatically achieve processes such as feeding, separation, washing, dehydration, drainage, unloading, and screen washing at full speed, greatly improving production efficiency.
Intermittent feeding and unloading
During the operation of the centrifuge, materials are intermittently added to the drum for separation. When the material in the drum reaches the predetermined volume, stop feeding and perform separation and washing operations. After separation is completed, the scraper device automatically rotates to discharge the material, and then feeds again to form a cyclic operation.
Strong adaptability to materials
The auxiliary knife discharge centrifge can handle suspensions of coarse, medium, and fine particles, and is suitable for separating suspensions with fine solid particles, large solid-liquid density differences, short solid particles, and small solid-liquid phase density differences. At the same time, the centrifge can adjust the time of filtration, washing, separation, and unloading processes to meet the processing needs of different materials.
High degree of automation
Modern auxiliary knife discharge centrifges are usually controlled by PLC, programmed to achieve unmanned automatic operation. Monitoring the entire process of feeding, initial filtration, washing, fine filtration, and unloading has reduced labor intensity and improved production efficiency.
Novel structure and smooth operation
The centrifge adopts a novel structural design, such as direct connection on the motor and variable frequency speed regulation, which avoids friction dust and noise pollution caused by belt transmission. At the same time, the equipment operates smoothly and reliably, reducing equipment failure rates and maintenance costs.
High processing capacity and good washing effect
The secondary knife unloading centrifge has a large processing capacity and is suitable for large-scale industrial production. At the same time, the centrifge adopts an efficient washing method, which can ensure the washing effect of the filter cake, reduce the moisture content of the filter cake, and improve product quality.
Work cycle
The working cycle of the secondary knife unloading centrifuge usually includes the following steps:
Start up and feeding
When the batch centrifugal machine is started, the electric motor drives the centrifuge drum to rotate, reaching the feeding speed state. At this point, the material to be separated enters the high-speed rotating drum through the feed pipe. With the continuous addition of materials, the liquid level in the drum gradually rises.
Separation and washing
Stop feeding when the material in the drum reaches the predetermined volume. At this point, the centrifuge is lifted to a high-speed separation state, and the material undergoes solid-liquid separation under the action of centrifugal force. The liquid phase passes through the filter cloth (screen) and the filter holes on the inner drum wall and is discharged from the drum, while the solid phase is trapped on the inner drum wall to form a circular filter cake layer. After separation, the filter cake can be washed as needed to improve product quality.
Low speed unloading
After washing is completed, the centrifuge speed is reduced to a low-speed discharge state. At this point, the scraper device starts to automatically rotate, scraping the solid phase (filter cake) off the inner wall of the drum and discharging it outside the machine through the feeding screw or other discharge mechanism. Scraper devices usually adopt a multi-stage scraping method, with low-speed closure for unloading to reduce grain damage.
Cleaning and Shutdown
After unloading is completed, the centrifuge automatically performs a screen washing operation to remove residues on the filter cloth, ensuring the smooth progress of the next separation operation. After the net washing is completed, the centrifge stops and waits for the next feeding operation.
Throughout the entire working cycle, the auxiliary knife discharge centrifge achieves automated and continuous solid-liquid separation operations, greatly improving production efficiency and product quality. At the same time, centrifges also have the advantages of strong adaptability to materials, large processing capacity, and good washing effect, and are widely used in multiple industries such as chemical, food, and pharmaceutical.
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