Electric Centrifuge Machine
Description
Technical Parameters
Electric centrifuge machine is a kind of equipment that uses centrifugal force to separate or concentrate samples by high-speed rotation of rotor driven by motor. Its working principle is based on the role of centrifugal force. When the rotor is rotated at high speed, the different components in the sample will be subjected to different amounts of centrifugal force due to differences in density and mass, so as to achieve separation or concentration. Electric centrifuges are widely used in biology, medicine, chemistry, food science and other fields. For example, in biological research, electric centrifuges can be used to separate biological macromolecules such as cells, organelles, and proteins; In the medical field, it can be used for blood separation, virus detection, etc. In the field of chemistry, it can be used for the synthesis and separation of nanomaterials.
As a commonly used equipment in laboratories, the safe use of electric centrifuges is very important. In order to ensure the personal safety of the operator and the normal operation of the equipment, the operation procedures and safety precautions must be strictly observed.
Product classification
Classification by purpose of separation:
Laboratory electric centrifuge: Mainly used for various sample separation and purification experiments in the laboratory, such as cell separation, protein precipitation and so on.
Industrial electric centrifuge: Used for large-scale sample processing in industrial production, such as solid-liquid separation in pharmaceutical, chemical, food and other industries.
Classification by speed:
Low-speed electric centrifuge: The speed is generally less than 10000rpm, which is suitable for the preliminary separation of biological samples such as cells and microorganisms.
High-speed electric centrifuge: The speed is between 10000rpm and 30000rpm, which is used for the separation of macromolecular substances such as proteins and nucleic acids.
Ultra-high speed electric centrifuge: speed of more than 30000rpm, can separate virus particles, subcellular components and other small particles.
By capacity:
Micro electric centrifuge: also known as mini centrifuge, small capacity, suitable for processing micro samples.
Small capacity electric centrifuge: moderate capacity to meet the conventional separation needs of general laboratories.
Large capacity electric centrifuges: Used to process large numbers of samples, such as large-scale sample processing in industrial and clinical trials.
Classification by temperature control:
Normal temperature electric centrifuge: Centrifugal separation at room temperature, suitable for general biological experiments.
Refrigerated electric centrifuge: Equipped with refrigeration system, capable of centrifugal separation at low temperatures, suitable for temperature-sensitive samples.
Classification by rotor structure:
Horizontal rotor centrifuge: The rotor is placed horizontally, suitable for the separation of small volume samples.
Vertical rotor centrifuge: The rotor is placed vertically, suitable for the separation of large volume samples.
By application field:
Bioelectric centrifuge: specially used for sample separation in the biomedical field, such as blood separation, cell separation, etc.
Pharmaceutical electric centrifuge: Used for sample separation and purification in the pharmaceutical process.
Chemical electric centrifuge: used for sample separation in chemical experiments, such as sediment separation, solution separation, etc.
Electric food centrifuge: Used for sample handling and analysis in the field of food science.
By installation type:
Desktop electric centrifuge: small size, suitable for use on the test bench.
Vertical electric centrifuge: also known as floor centrifuge, large volume, suitable for handling a large number of samples or need higher speed experiments.
These classifications are not independent of each other, and some electric centrifuges may belong to multiple classifications at the same time. For example, a high-speed refrigerated electric centrifuge is both a high-speed centrifuge and a refrigerated centrifuge. When choosing an electric centrifuge machine, it is necessary to select the appropriate model and configuration according to the specific experimental requirements and sample characteristics.
Cause of machine noise
Rotor imbalance: The rotor may have a small uneven mass distribution during manufacturing or installation, resulting in periodic changes in centrifugal force during high-speed rotation, causing vibration and generating noise.
Unbalanced sample loading: Uneven distribution of the sample in the centrifugal tube, or asymmetric placement of the centrifugal tube in the rotor, will also cause an overall imbalance, resulting in noise.
Installation foundation is not strong: If the centrifuge is installed on an unstable or unstable foundation, the equipment will produce shaking and resonance during operation, thus increasing the noise.
Inaccurate levelness adjustment: Inaccurate levelness adjustment during centrifuge installation will also cause vibration and noise when the equipment is running.
Wear or damage of mechanical parts: For centrifuges that run for a long time, their mechanical parts such as bearings and gears may be worn or damaged, resulting in friction and vibration during operation, which in turn produces noise.
Poor lubrication: If the mechanical parts are poorly lubricated, it will also increase friction and vibration, resulting in noise.
Wind resistance noise: When the centrifuge spins at high speed, the air inside the rotor and the centrifuge will produce relative motion, resulting in wind resistance noise. This noise usually presents high frequency characteristics and is more sensitive to the human ear.
Air flow noise: The flow of air in the piping system and duct where the centrifuge is located can also produce noise. When air passes through narrow channels, turbulence and pressure fluctuations are created, which can cause noise.
Fan noise: The ventilation system of the centrifuge is used for heat dissipation, and noise is also generated when the fan is running and transmitted to the outside of the centrifuge.
Ambient temperature, humidity, air pressure: Noise will be affected by ambient temperature, air humidity, air pressure and other factors.
Ambient noise: Other noises in the environment, such as traffic noise, machine noise, etc., will also cause interference with centrifuge noise.
Design defects: If there are defects in the design of the centrifuge, such as unreasonable blade shape, number and installation Angle, it will also increase the generation of noise.
Manufacturing quality: Quality control during the manufacturing process also affects the noise level of the centrifuge. If the manufacturing quality is poor, such as the rotor processing accuracy is not enough, the parts are not tightly assembled, etc., will lead to increased noise.
Methods to reduce noise and vibration
Ensure rotor balance
Dynamic balance detection: the rotor is regularly checked to ensure that the rotor mass is evenly distributed and avoid vibration and noise caused by unbalance.
Uniform sample loading: When loading samples, ensure that the sample is evenly distributed in the centrifugal tube to avoid vibration and noise caused by unbalanced sample loading.
Optimized installation and adjustment
Solid installation foundation: Choose a solid and flat foundation to install the centrifuge to ensure that the equipment is firmly installed to avoid shaking and resonance.
Level calibration: Use a level to calibrate the centrifuge to ensure its installation level and reduce vibration and noise caused by improper installation.
Strengthen machinery maintenance and maintenance
Regular inspection and replacement: Regular inspection of the mechanical parts of the centrifuge, such as bearings, gears, etc., timely replacement of worn or damaged parts.
Lubrication maintenance: Regular lubrication of parts that need to be lubricated to reduce friction and vibration.
Improve ventilation system
Low noise fan: Choose a low noise fan for the ventilation system of the centrifuge to reduce the noise generated when the fan is running.
Muffler installation: Install a muffler at the inlet and outlet of the ventilation system to effectively absorb and attenuate noise.
Use of shock absorption measures
Shock pad or spring: Install a shock pad or spring on the bottom or inside the centrifuge to reduce the spread of vibration to the surrounding environment.
Overall shock absorption design: multi-stage shock absorption technology is adopted in the design of centrifuge, and the vibration energy is gradually decreased by optimizing the structure layout and material selection.
Optimize equipment design and manufacturing
Rational design: In the design phase of the centrifuge, factors to reduce noise and vibration are considered, such as optimizing blade shape, number and installation Angle.
Improve manufacturing quality: Strengthen the quality control in the manufacturing process to ensure the processing accuracy of the centrifuge and the tightness of the assembly of the components, and reduce the noise and vibration caused by manufacturing defects.
Environmental control
Reduce ambient noise: In the environment where the centrifuge operates, minimize the interference of other noise sources, such as traffic noise, machine noise, etc.
Suitable environmental conditions: Maintain the appropriate temperature, humidity and air pressure of the centrifuge operating environment to avoid the impact of environmental factors on noise and vibration.
Maintenance and Inspection
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Routine maintenance
Clean
Centrifuge cleaning: Clean electric centrifuge machine housing and centrifuge cleaning regularly to avoid sample residue contamination. To operate, first open the centrifuge cover, unplug the power cord, unscrew the rotor with special equipment, and then clean the centrifuge chamber with 75% ethanol.
Swivel head cleaning: Swivel head may be corroded by sample residues or chemical agents, monthly cleaning and maintenance is recommended. When cleaning the rotor, in order to prevent the destruction of the surface oxidation layer, the cleaning agent can be moistened with a sponge or cotton cloth, and then wash off the cleaning agent with distilled water or scrub with 70% alcohol, and then dry it upside down after cleaning.
Condensate treatment: After centrifugation, wipe the condensate from the ventricle with a dry soft cloth (suitable for low temperature centrifuge).
Inspect
Appearance check: Check whether the inside and outside surfaces of the equipment are clean and whether the equipment is in good condition.
Fastener inspection: Check all fasteners for loosening, if loosening should be tightened.
Rotor inspection: Check the rotor for corrosion, cracks and other anomalies, if any, please replace it in time.
Deposit
Long-term storage: If the instrument is not used for a long time, the rotor should be removed, cleaned and dried with neutral washing liquid. Motor shaft coated with a little grease and stored in a dry and ventilated place.
Regular inspection
Inspection of mechanical parts
Rotors, bearings, seals: Check these parts for wear, corrosion, or other physical damage.
Drum: Check the corrosion and wear of the liquid baffle plate, the backboard and the bottom of the drum, and check the tightening of the drum and the spindle.
Spindle components: Check spindle gland and spindle noise at high and low speeds.
Shell parts: Check the sealing of the shell and shell, the fastening of bolts and nuts of the parts of the shell cover, and check whether the flexible pipe connected with the machine is worn or damaged.
Electrical system inspection
Motors, circuits, control panels: Check the function of these electrical components to ensure that they are working properly.
Grounding resistance: Check that the grounding resistance of the device is less than 4 ohms.
PDC fan: Check whether the PDC fan is intact and covered.
Running parameter check
Vibration and noise: The vibration and noise level of the centrifuge during operation is measured by professional instruments to determine the stability of the equipment and whether there is an imbalance problem.
Speed calibration: Calibrate the speed of the centrifuge to ensure that the speed is accurate.
Other examination
Hydraulic oil cleanliness: monthly check, if found abnormal immediately replace.
Current: Check monthly and should be within the rated range.
Pressure: Confirmed per shift, within the system rating range.
Oil temperature: Confirm each shift, below 55℃.
Tightness: Check every shift to check whether there is oil leakage in each pipeline and installation surface.
Precautions
Avoid overload
Centrifuge charging shall not exceed 2/3 of the height of the drum to avoid running material.
Slow speed increase
Speed increase should be slow to high speed, to avoid material thrown out or uneven damage to the centrifuge.
Comply with the operating procedures
In strict accordance with the equipment requirements, regulations of operation, non-explosion-proof centrifuge must not be used in flammable, explosive occasions.
Environmental requirements
The centrifuge should be placed in a dry, ventilated and non-corrosive environment, and the electric cabinet should be well ventilated.
Through regular maintenance and inspection, the problems existing in the electric centrifuge machine can be found and dealt with in time to ensure its long-term stable operation and provide reliable support for the experiment.
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