Graphite Tube Furnace
2.Lab Box Furnace Equipment:1L-36L
3.Working Temperature can reach 1200℃-1700℃
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Description
Technical Parameters
Graphite tube furnace is a graphitization furnace that uses graphite tubes as a reactor.Its price varies depending on the model,specifications,brand and market supply and demand.In general,high quality has a higher price,but has better performance and service life.In the market,various brands and models can be found to meet the needs of different fields and customers.
In order to ensure the normal operation of the equipment and extend the service life, regular maintenance and maintenance are required. This includes checking the integrity of the resistance wire, cleaning the inner wall of the graphite tube, calibrating the temperature sensor, and checking the stability of the power control system. In addition, it is also necessary to pay attention to avoid the operation of the equipment in excess of its rated temperature or pressure, so as to avoid equipment damage or safety accidents.
Parameter
Structure and working principle
Graphite tube:Graphite tube is a key component of the heating furnace,made of high purity graphite material,has good thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance,can quickly transfer heat to the material to be heated.
Resistance wire:The resistance wire is installed in the graphite tube,and the resistance wire is heated by the current to generate heat energy.
Resistance wire is usually made of nickel chromium alloy or other superalloy materials,with high resistance values and high temperature resistance.
Power control system:The heating furnace is equipped with a power control system to control the size of the current and the heating time.The system usually includes temperature sensors,PID regulators,etc.,which can monitor and adjust the heating temperature in real time.
Characteristics and advantages
Fast heating speed:the graphite tube has good thermal conductivity and can quickly transfer heat to the material to be heated.
Uniform temperature distribution:The temperature distribution in the tube furnace is relatively uniform,which is conducive to ensuring the consistency of the heating effect.
High temperature stability:graphite tube can operate stably in a high temperature environment,generally can reach a high temperature of more than 2000℃.
Good chemical stability:graphite has high chemical stability,is not easy to be corroded by chemicals,and has a long service life.
Applications in the field of metallurgy
Application in metallurgy
As a heating element
It is used as an electric heating body for high temperature vacuum furnaces,because of its excellent high temperature resistance and good thermal conductivity,it can effectively transfer heat to the materials in the furnace to achieve rapid heating.
As a component of metallurgical equipment
It can also be used as a core component of metallurgical equipment,such as graphite crucible,graphite boat,etc.,for carrying and heating metal or alloy materials.
These components have high thermal and chemical stability and can withstand long periods of operation at high temperatures and are not easily corroded by chemicals.
Advantages in metallurgy
High temperature stability
Graphite is one of the most heat-resistant materials known,with a melting point of 3850 ° C ±50 ° C and a boiling point of 4250 ° C.
In the metallurgical process,it can operate stably in a high temperature environment,and is not easy to deform or damage,ensuring the continuity and stability of the metallurgical process.
01
Good thermal conductivity
Excellent thermal conductivity,can quickly transfer heat to the furnace material,to achieve uniform heating.
This helps to improve the efficiency and quality of metallurgical processes,reducing energy waste and material loss.
02
Chemical stability
Graphite has good chemical stability at room temperature and can resist acid,alkali and organic solvent corrosion.
In the metallurgical process,it can also resist the erosion of various chemical substances and extend the service life.
03
Easy to process and maintain
The graphite material is easy to process into graphite tube furnace components of various shapes and sizes.
At the same time,its maintenance and maintenance is also relatively simple,easy to clean and replace damaged parts.
04
Application in the field of chemical industry
High temperature treatment of chemical reactions
It is often used in high-temperature processes of chemical reactions.By precisely controlling the temperature in the furnace,it is possible to ensure that the chemical reaction is carried out within the optimal temperature range,thereby increasing the reaction rate and efficiency.In addition,the chemical stability of the graphite material makes it able to resist the erosion of a variety of chemical substances,ensuring the smooth progress of chemical reactions.
Preparation and regeneration of catalyst
In the chemical industry, the preparation and regeneration of catalysts is one of the important applications of this equipment.The high temperature environment is conducive to the uniform distribution of the active components and the optimization of the crystal structure of the catalyst,so as to improve the catalytic performance and stability of the catalyst.At the same time,it can also be used for catalyst regeneration treatment,through high temperature calcination to remove the carbon accumulation and impurities on the surface of the catalyst,and restore its catalytic activity.
Graphitization of materials
It plays an important role in the graphitization of materials.By high temperature graphitization treatment,the structure of the material can be improved, and the mechanical properties and high temperature resistance of the material can be improved.The materials after graphitization usually have good thermal and electrical conductivity,which is suitable for the preparation of materials under high temperature working environment.In addition,the device can be used to study the thermal expansion properties,crystal structure and thermal stability of materials.
Kinetics and thermodynamics of chemical reactions
It can also be used to study the kinetics and thermodynamics of chemical reactions.By precisely controlling the temperature and atmosphere in the furnace,the rate,mechanism and thermodynamic properties of chemical reactions under different conditions can be studied,which provides an important theoretical basis and reference for chemical production.
Specific case
Catalyst preparation:A chemical enterprise uses the equipment to prepare the catalyst,and successfully prepares the catalyst with high catalytic activity and stability by precisely controlling the temperature and atmosphere in the furnace,which significantly improves the output and quality of chemical products.
Material graphitization treatment:A material manufacturing enterprise uses it to graphitize polymer materials,improve the structure and performance of the material,improve the high temperature resistance and thermal conductivity of the material,and provide a new solution for the preparation of materials under high temperature working environment.
Chemical reaction kinetics research:A scientific research institution uses this equipment to study the kinetics of chemical reactions,and studies the rate and mechanism of chemical reactions under different conditions by precisely controlling the temperature and atmosphere in the furnace,which provides an important theoretical basis and reference for chemical production.
Working mode of protective gas system
The protective gas system of the graphite tube furnace ensures that the graphite tubes are protected from oxidation and chemical erosion during high-temperature heating by precisely controlling the flow of inert gases (mainly argon), while optimizing the atomization efficiency. The following is its working principle and specific operation mode:
The composition and function of the protective gas system
External airflow
Flow path: Flows along the outer wall of the graphite tube.
Function:
Isolate from air to prevent the graphite tube from being oxidized at high temperatures.
Protect the samples from contact with the atmosphere during the drying, ashing and atomization processes to prevent chemical reactions.
Flow control: Generally around 3 L/min, with specific values varying depending on the instrument model.
Internal airflow
Flow path: Enters from both ends of the graphite tube and exits through the injection hole at the center of the tube.
Function:
During the drying and ashing stages, the heated and evaporated sample solvents and coexisting substances are carried away to prevent them from interfering with the subsequent atomization process.
Protect the atomized atoms from oxidation and ensure the stability of atomic vapor.
Flow control: Generally around 60 mL/min, with a relatively small flow rate to reduce the dilution of atomic vapor.
The operating mode of the protective gas system
Atomization stage
Stop-gas operation: During the atomization stage, the internal gas flow is usually stopped to extend the average residence time of free atoms in the absorption zone, preventing the atomic vapor from being diluted, thereby enhancing the determination sensitivity and precision.
Disability removal stage
High-temperature residue removal: The residue removal temperature should be higher than the atomization temperature. The purpose is to eliminate the memory effect caused by the residue and ensure the accuracy of the next determination. At this point, the protective gas system may adjust the airflow to optimize the residual removal effect.
Selection of protective gas
Best choice: Argon (Ar)
Reason:
It has strong inertness and stable chemical properties, and will not react with graphite tubes or samples.
It has a moderate thermal conductivity, which can effectively protect the graphite tube without taking away excessive heat.
Comparison of other gases:
Nitrogen (N₂) : Its thermal conductivity is twice that of argon, but during the atomization process, it forms toxic cyanide molecules with carbon and generates metal cyanides with alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth elements, and elements such As B, Al, Ca, In, As, Sb, and U. Therefore, it is used less frequently.
Helium (He) : It has a relatively high thermal conductivity, can carry away more heat, and is expensive, so it is used less frequently.
The importance of the protective gas system
By isolating oxygen, the oxidation of graphite tubes at high temperatures is prevented, reducing the wear and tear of graphite tubes.
Protect the atomized atoms from oxidation and ensure the stability of atomic vapor, thereby enhancing the accuracy and reproducibility of the determination.
The inner airflow carries away interfering substances, while the outer airflow prevents air from entering, reducing background absorption and chemical interference.
The impact of high temperature
Effect on graphite tube
As the core component of the equipment, the performance of the graphite tube is directly affected by the temperature. When the equipment temperature is too high, graphite tubes face the following challenges:
Accelerated aging and wear
Graphite in a high temperature environment will occur oxidation reaction, too high temperature will accelerate the process, resulting in cracks on the surface of the graphite tube, peeling and other phenomena, thereby shortening its service life.
Mechanical properties decline
With the increase of temperature, the strength and hardness of the graphite tube will gradually reduce the mechanical properties, which may cause the graphite tube to break or fail more easily when subjected to pressure or impact.
Thermal expansion and deformation
Graphite will expand at high temperatures, and if the temperature is not properly controlled, it may lead to deformation of the graphite tube, which will affect its coordination with other components and sealing performance.
The influence on the sample in the furnace
This equipment is usually used for high-temperature processing or analysis of test samples. When the temperature is too high, the sample in the furnace may be adversely affected by the following:
Sample deterioration
High temperatures may cause the sample to undergo chemical reactions such as decomposition, melting, or phase transitions that change its chemical composition and physical properties.
Inaccurate analysis results
If the device is used for analytical testing, excessive temperatures may result in inaccurate analysis results. For example, at high temperatures, certain elements in the sample may volatilize or undergo REDOX reactions, which can affect the accuracy of the determination results.
Sample contamination
At high temperatures, impurities or residues in graphite tubes may more easily volatilize and contaminate the sample, affecting subsequent analysis or application.
The impact on equipment security
The high temperature of the device may also pose a threat to the safety of the device:
Equipment damage
Long-term high temperature operation may cause damage to the electronic components and heating components inside the equipment, thus affecting the normal operation of the equipment. In addition, high temperatures may cause the furnace body to deform or crack, leading to greater safety problems.
Safety hazard
In a high temperature environment, flammable materials around the device may cause fire. At the same time, if the internal temperature control system of the device fails, the device may overheat and cause serious accidents, such as explosions.
The impact on the operating environment
The excessively high temperature of the equipment may also adversely affect the operating environment:
Harmful gas emissions
At high temperatures, graphite tube furnaces may produce harmful gases (such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, etc.), which, if discharged improperly, will pollute the operating environment, thereby affecting the health of the operator.
Increased energy consumption
Excessive temperature of the device will result in increased energy consumption because more energy is required to maintain the high temperature state. This not only increases operating costs, but can also be a greater burden on the environment.
In summary, the impact of the high temperature of the equipment is multi-faceted and serious. Therefore, when using graphite tube furnaces, the temperature should be strictly controlled to ensure that it operates within a suitable range. At the same time, it is also necessary to strengthen the maintenance and maintenance of the equipment, discover and deal with potential security hazards in a timely manner, to ensure the safe, stable and efficient operation of the equipment.
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