Big Centrifuge Machine
Description
Technical Parameters
Big centrifuge machine is a kind of physical performance test instrument used in civil construction engineering, water conservancy engineering, transportation engineering, environmental science and technology and resource science and technology fields, it usually has a high load capacity, for example, some models of load capacity of up to 400 tons; And it can provide centrifugal acceleration up to 200g, which provides an ideal environment of heavy force field for model test research. The radius of the boom can reach 5.5 meters (to the center of the turntable), and the load capacity can reach 2000 kg; Importantly, it has plenty of hanging basket space, for example, some models have 1.5 meters (length) x 1.5 meters (width) x 1.0 meters (height) of hanging basket space, which is easy to place and operate experimental models.
The working principle of a large centrifuge is to use the centrifugal force generated by rotation to layer the different substances in the mixture according to their density and mass differences, so as to achieve the purpose of separation. In civil engineering and other fields, large centrifuges speed up the physical process by providing a heavy force field environment, thereby shortening the experiment cycle and improving research efficiency.
Case studies in the field of biomedicine
Cell culture and collection
Case description: During cell culture, big centrifuge machines are used to periodically collect cells for passage or analysis. For example, for adherent cells, trypsin digestion is used first to remove them from the surface of the culture vessel, and then the cells are deposited at the bottom of the centrifuge tube by centrifugation for the purpose of changing the medium or performing other experimental procedures. For suspension cells, centrifugation is the main method of collection.
Advantages: Large centrifuges can handle a large number of cell samples, improving experimental efficiency. At the same time, by precisely controlling the centrifugation conditions, the integrity and activity of the cells can be ensured, providing high-quality cell samples for subsequent experiments.
Cell isolation and purification
Case description: Separate different types of cells from tissue samples, such as hematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow, using density gradient centrifugation to separate stem cells from other cells according to cell density differences. This is a critical step in stem cell therapy and research. In addition, various immune cells can be isolated from the blood to provide pure cell samples for immune-related studies.
Advantages: Large centrifuges can efficiently and accurately separate the target cells, improve the purity and number of cells, and provide a reliable source of cells for subsequent experiments.
Organelle separation
Case description: Used to separate intracellular organelles, such as mitochondria, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, etc. Through a combination of differential centrifugation and density gradient centrifugation, nucleus and cell debris are removed at a lower rotational speed, and then the rotational speed is gradually increased to separate the organelles of different densities.
Advantages: It helps to study the function and interaction of organelles and provides important support for cell biology and medical research.
Nucleic acid extraction and processing
Case description: In the DNA and RNA extraction process, large centrifuges are the core equipment. For example, in the classical phenol-chloroform method of DNA extraction, after cell lysis, a phenol-chloroform mixture is added, and the aqueous phase (containing DNA) and the organic phase (containing impurities such as proteins) are separated by centrifugation to obtain pure DNA.
Advantages: Large centrifuges can handle a large number of samples and improve the efficiency of nucleic acid extraction. At the same time, by precisely controlling the centrifugation conditions, high-quality nucleic acid samples can be obtained to provide reliable raw materials for subsequent experiments.
Gene cloning and expression
Case description: In the gene cloning experiment, the recombinant DNA is introduced into the host cell, and the transformed cells are collected by centrifugation for screening and identification. In terms of protein expression, centrifugation is used to collect cells or cell fragments that express the target protein, after which the protein is further purified by various protein purification techniques.
Advantages: Large centrifuges can ensure adequate collection of cells and improve the success rate of gene cloning and protein expression. At the same time, by precisely controlling the centrifugation conditions, cell loss and contamination can be reduced, providing high-quality samples for subsequent experiments.
Production and purification of biological products
Case description: In the production process of biological products, such as vaccines, antibodies, enzyme preparations, etc., large centrifuges are used to separate and purify target products. For example, in vaccine production, the virus particles are separated from the culture solution by centrifugation and are subsequently purified and inactivated.
Advantages: Large centrifuges can handle a large number of raw materials for biological products, improving production efficiency and product quality. At the same time, by precisely controlling the centrifugal conditions, high purity target products can be obtained to meet the needs of clinical and scientific research.
Preparation of blood products
Case description: In the preparation of blood products, such as red blood cell concentrate, platelet concentrate, etc., large centrifuges are used to separate different components of blood. The blood cells are separated from the plasma by centrifugation and subsequent processing and treatment is carried out.
Advantages: Large centrifuges can ensure the full separation and purification of blood components, improving the quality and safety of blood products. At the same time, by precisely controlling the centrifugal conditions, the loss and contamination of blood components can be reduced, and safe and effective blood components can be provided for clinical transfusion.
Analysis and detection of biological samples
Case description: In the process of analysis and detection of biological samples, such as the detection of serum, plasma, urine and other samples, large centrifuges are used to separate different components of the sample. The solid particles or cells in the sample are separated from the liquid by centrifugation for subsequent analysis and detection.
Advantages: Large centrifuges can improve the efficiency of analysis and detection of biological samples. At the same time, by precisely controlling the centrifugal conditions, more accurate test results can be obtained, which provides strong support for clinical diagnosis and scientific research.
In summary, the application of big centrifuge machines in the field of biomedicine is extensive and in-depth, providing important support for cell culture, separation and purification, nucleic acid extraction and processing, gene cloning and expression, production and purification of biological products, preparation of blood products, and analysis and detection of biological samples.
Special precautions
Sample balance and loading
Precise balance
Ensure that all centrifuge tubes, caps, hanging baskets and fittings are carefully balanced before centrifuge. The weight deviation shall not exceed the range specified in the centrifuge manual, the general precision balance requires the deviation to be no more than 0.1 grams, and the conventional application requires generally no more than 1 grams.
For centrifugal tubes loaded in the rotor, an odd number of loads should be avoided as far as possible. When the rotor is only partially loaded, it should be evenly distributed so that the load is evenly distributed on the rotor. If there is only one sample tube, the other tube should be replaced with water of equal quality.
Density trim
The material filled in the centrifugal tube must be of similar density, otherwise the load will be unevenly distributed, resulting in vibration and noise during the centrifugal process.
Correct loading
When the rotor is pre-cooling, the rotor cover should be properly placed, and it should not float on the rotor without tightening, so as to prevent the rotor cover from flying out when mistakenly started.
After tightening the turnhead cover, apply your finger to touch whether there is a gap between the turnhead and the turnhead cover. If there is a gap, tighten it again until it is confirmed that there is no gap before starting the big centrifuge machine.
Special sample treatment
Infectious samples
If the centrifuge sample contains infectious substances, it should be handled in a biosafety cabinet and closed centrifugation measures should be taken.
Use sample tubes that meet the requirements of centrifugation to avoid the rupture of ordinary test tubes due to lack of endurance.
After centrifuge is finished, wait for a period of time (such as 20 minutes) before opening the centrifuge cover and rotor cover to prevent aerosol diffusion.
Volatile or corrosive liquids
When centrifuging volatile or corrosive liquids, a centrifugal tube with a cover should be used to ensure that the liquid does not leak out, so as not to corrode the machine cavity or cause accidents.
The material of the centrifugal pipe should be selected as the appropriate type, such as the steel centrifugal pipe with high strength, no deformation, heat resistance, anti-freeze, and chemical corrosion resistance, but contact with highly corrosive chemicals should be avoided. When using organic solvents, plastic pipes must meet the compatibility requirements with the corresponding materials.
Equipment maintenance and maintenance
Regular cleaning
Regularly clean up the water in the centrifugal chamber, especially after the use of refrigeration function, due to the moisture of the air in the centrifugal chamber frost, frost into water after shutdown, should be cleaned in time.
Clean the rotor and centrifugal chamber with a dry cloth or special cleaner to keep the inside dry and prevent corrosion or contamination accumulation.
Check the parts
Periodically check key components of the equipment, such as rotor, sealing ring, bearing, etc., to prevent equipment failure due to aging components.
Check whether the rotor is firm and stable, and tighten it in time if it is loose.
Safe operation habits
Smooth placement
Ensure that the centrifuge is placed on a horizontal, sturdy workbench to avoid vibration or instability affecting the operation of the equipment.
Avoid overload
Do not exceed the maximum capacity and speed limit of the centrifuge to avoid damage to the equipment or cause safety accidents.
Emergency shutdown
If abnormal conditions are found in the centrifugal process, such as abnormal vibration, noise or sample leakage, you should immediately press the emergency stop button, cut off the power supply, and check the cause.
Records and reports
After each use of the centrifuge, the operation time, speed, sample information, etc., should be recorded for easy tracking and management.
If the centrifuge is found to have abnormal conditions or faults, it should be reported to the relevant personnel or maintenance department in time for inspection and repair.
Other precautions
Avoid misoperation
Before operating the centrifuge, carefully read the equipment manual and safety operation procedures to ensure correct operation.
Use special tools
When cleaning centrifuges or replacing parts, use special tools to avoid damage to the equipment.
Fire and explosion prevention
Ensure that the centrifuge working environment is well ventilated, away from flammable materials and heat sources, to prevent fire and explosion accidents.
By following the above special precautions, you can ensure the safe and stable operation of big centrifuge machines, and ensure the safety of experimentalists and the reliability of experimental results.
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